Wind Chill Calculator

Calculate the wind chill temperature to find out how cold it really feels outside. Enter the air temperature and wind speed to see the effective temperature, frostbite risk, and danger level.

Disclaimer: For informational purposes only

This calculator provides general estimates based on the inputs you provide and standard formulas. Real-world conditions, individual circumstances, and other factors can change the result. You are responsible for verifying any value that affects a real decision by checking authoritative sources, comparing against multiple references, or consulting an appropriate professional. Use this tool for planning and reference only, not as the sole basis for decisions involving safety, health, property, or money.

Wind Chill Temperature

6.2°F / -14.3°C

Frostbite Risk Time

Over 30 minutes

Danger Level

Low

Wind Chill Reference Table (°F)

Wind chill values for common temperature and wind speed combinations. All temperatures in Fahrenheit, wind speeds in mph.

Temp5 mph10 mph15 mph20 mph25 mph30 mph
40°F36°34°32°30°29°28°
30°F25°21°19°17°16°15°
20°F13°9°6°4°3°1°
10°F1°-4°-7°-9°-11°-12°
0°F-11°-16°-19°-22°-24°-26°
-10°F-22°-28°-32°-35°-37°-39°
-20°F-34°-41°-45°-48°-51°-53°

How Wind Chill Calculations Work

The wind chill formula used in the United States and Canada was updated in 2001 by the National Weather Service. It is based on a model of heat loss from the human face and incorporates modern heat transfer theory and wind tunnel testing on human subjects.

The formula calculates how quickly heat is lost from exposed skin. As wind speed increases, it pulls heat away from the body faster, reducing skin temperature and eventually internal body temperature. The result is expressed as an equivalent calm air temperature that would produce the same rate of heat loss.

Frostbite occurs when skin tissue freezes. The time to frostbite depends on the wind chill value: at minus 17 degrees Fahrenheit, frostbite can develop within 30 minutes on exposed skin. At minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit or below, frostbite can occur in under 10 minutes. Always protect exposed skin in extreme cold.

Source: National Weather Service Wind Chill Chart and frostbite guidelines.

How to use this calculator

Enter the current air temperature and select whether you are using Fahrenheit or Celsius. Then enter the wind speed in miles per hour or kilometers per hour. You can find both values from your local weather report, a weather app, or a personal weather station. The wind chill formula requires temperatures at or below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius) and wind speeds above 3 miles per hour to produce valid results.

After submitting your inputs, the calculator displays the wind chill temperature, which represents how cold the air actually feels on exposed skin. You will also see a danger level indicator and an estimated time before frostbite risk begins at that wind chill value. Use this information to decide how to dress, how long to stay outside, and whether outdoor activities are safe for you and your family in current conditions.

How wind chill affects your body

Your body constantly generates heat and maintains a thin layer of warm air against your skin. When wind blows across exposed skin, it strips away that insulating layer faster than your body can replace it, causing your skin temperature to drop rapidly. The stronger the wind, the faster this heat loss occurs, which is why a 20 degree day with strong winds can feel just as dangerous as a calm day well below zero.

Frostbite and hypothermia are the two primary dangers of prolonged exposure to low wind chill conditions. Frostbite occurs when skin tissue actually freezes, most commonly affecting fingers, toes, ears, and the nose. Hypothermia sets in when your core body temperature drops below its normal range, leading to confusion, drowsiness, and in severe cases, organ failure. Checking the wind chill before heading outdoors is a simple habit that can prevent these serious cold weather injuries.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is wind chill temperature?

Wind chill temperature is the perceived decrease in air temperature felt by the body due to the flow of air. It describes how cold the wind makes exposed skin feel, even though the actual air temperature remains the same. Wind increases heat loss from the body, making it feel colder than the thermometer reads.

How is wind chill calculated?

The National Weather Service uses a formula based on advances in science, technology, and computer modeling. The formula accounts for heat loss from the human face at walking speed and incorporates wind speed and air temperature. It is valid for temperatures at or below 50 degrees Fahrenheit and wind speeds above 3 mph.

At what wind chill does frostbite occur?

Frostbite can occur in as little as 30 minutes when the wind chill is minus 17 degrees Fahrenheit or lower. At wind chills below minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit, frostbite can develop on exposed skin in as little as 5 to 10 minutes. Always cover exposed skin in extreme cold.

Does wind chill affect objects like cars and pipes?

Wind chill only affects living things that generate heat. It does not make objects colder than the actual air temperature. However, wind does help objects cool down to the ambient temperature faster. A car or water pipe will not freeze unless the actual temperature is at or below freezing.